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Glossary 2G: 2G is the second generation of mobile communications standards. 2G is an early generation cellphone network protocol. A new generation of cellular standards has appeared approximately every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non backwards compatible transmission technology. 3G: 3G is a term used to represent the third generation of mobile telecommunications technology. Services advertised as 3G are required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards, which provides for peak data rates of at least 200 kbps. However, with recent releases (3.5G and 3.75G) many services advertised as 3G provide higher speed than the minimum technical requirements for a 3G service and can provide mobile broadband access of several Mbps to smartphones and mobile modems. 4G: 4G is the fourth generation of mobile communications standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access,for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, smartphones and other mobile devices. In March 2008,the ITU specified a set of requirements for 4G standards setting peak speed requirements at 100 Mbps for high mobility communications (such as for trains and cars)and 1 Gbps for low mobility communications (such as pedestrians and stationary users). Since the first release versions support much less than 1 Gbps peak bit rate, they are not fully compliant. However, the ITU said they can be considered "4G" provided they represent forerunners to compliant versions and are a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities with respect to the initial 3G systems deployed. 4G LTE: Fourth generation long term evolution is a wireless communications standard developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project Release 8 and 9. The LTE specification provides download peak rates of 300 Mbps and upload peak rates of 75 Mbps. ITU has allowed it to be marketed as 4G. The LTE wireless interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, so that it must be operated on a separate wireless spectrum. ADSL2+: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2+ is an upgrade of DSL and ADSL broadband service, with the download speed faster(asymmetrical)to the upload speed. ADSL2+can achieve rates of 24Mbps down and 1.4 Mbps up depending on the"last mile"distance from the customer to the network aggregation point. Android: Android is one of the operating systems that can be found in mobile phones and tablets. It is developed by Google. ARRA: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. On February 17, 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the ARRA. The ARRA was an economic stimulus package intended to save and create jobs. Included in the funding was$7.2 billion for broadband programs. BIP: Broadband Initiatives Program of the Rural Utilities Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to award loans, grants and loan/grant combinations with funding from the ARRA to facilitate broadband deployment in rural areas. BTOP: Broadband Technologies Opportunity Program of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce to award grants with funding from the ARRA to facilitate deployment of broadband infrastructure in unserved and underserved areas,to enhance broadband capacity at public computer centers, and to promote sustainable broadband adoption projects. �.- 54