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Parking Management.Strategies, Evaluation and Planning <br /> Victoria Transport Policy Institute <br /> Introduction <br /> Parking is an essential component of the transportation system. Vehicles must park at <br /> every destination.A typical automobile is parked 23 hours each day, and uses several <br /> parking spaces each week. <br /> Parking facilities are a major cost to society, and parking conflicts are among the most <br /> common problems facing designers, operators,planners and other officials. Such <br /> problems can be often defined either in terms of supply(too few spaces are available, <br /> somebody must build more)or in terms of management(available facilities are used <br /> inefficiently and should be better managed). Management solutions tend to be better than <br /> expanding supply because they support more strategic planning objectives: <br /> • Reduced development costs and increased affordability. <br /> • More compact,multi-modal community planning(smart growth). <br /> • Encourage use of alternative modes and reduce motor vehicle use(thereby reducing <br /> traffic congestion,accidents and pollution). <br /> • Improved user options and quality of service,particularly for non-drivers. <br /> • Improved design flexibility,creating more functional and attractive communities. <br /> • Ability to accommodate new uses and respond to new demands. <br /> • Reduced impervious surface and related environmental and aesthetic benefits. <br /> Parking management refers to policies and programs that result in more efficient use of <br /> parking resources. Parking management includes several specific strategies;nearly two <br /> dozen are described in this report. When appropriately applied parking management can <br /> significantly reduce the number of parking spaces required in a particular situation, <br /> providing a variety of economic, social and environmental benefits. When all impacts are <br /> considered, improved management is often the best solution to parking problems. <br /> Parking Management Principles <br /> These ten general principles can help guide planning decision to support parking management. <br /> 1. Consumer choice. People should have viable parking and travel options. <br /> 2. User information. Motorists should have information on their parking and travel options. <br /> 3. Sharing. Parking facilities should serve multiple users and destinations. <br /> 4. Efficient utilization. Parking facilities should be sized and managed so spaces are frequently <br /> occupied. <br /> 5. Flexibility. Parking plans should accommodate uncertainty and change. <br /> 6 Prioritization. The most desirable spaces should be managed to favor higher-priority uses. <br /> 7. Pricing. As much as possible,users should pay directly for the parking facilities they use. <br /> 8. Peak management. Special efforts should be made to deal with peak-demand. <br /> 9. Quality vs. quantity. Parking facility quality should be considered as important as quantity,including <br /> aesthetics, security,accessibility and user information. <br /> 10. Comprehensive analysis. All sig2ificant costs and benefits should be considered in parking plann in . <br /> 2 <br />