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Parking Management.Strategies, Evaluation and Planning <br /> Victoria Transport Policy Institute <br /> More Accurate and Flexible Standards <br /> More accurate and flexible standards means that parking requirements at a particular <br /> location are adjusted to account for factors, such as those in Table 4(Cuddy,2007). <br /> Table 4 Parking Requirement Adjustment Factors <br /> Factor Description Typical Adjustments <br /> Geographic Vehicle ownership and use rates Adjust parking requirements to reflect variations identified in <br /> Location in an area. census and travel survey data. <br /> Residential Number of residents or housing Reduce requirements 1%for each resident per acre.Reduce <br /> Density units per acre/hectare. requirements 15%where there are 15 residents per acre,and <br /> 30%if there are 30 residents per acre. <br /> Employment Number of employees per acre. Reduce requirements 10-15%in areas with 50 or more <br /> Density employees per gross acre. <br /> Land Use Mix Range of land uses located within Reduce requirements 5-10%in mixed-use developments. <br /> convenient walking distance. Additional reductions with shared parking. <br /> Transit Nearby transit service frequency Reduce requirements 10%for housing and employment <br /> Accessibility and quality. within'/4 mile of frequent bus service,and 20%for housing <br /> and employment within'/4 mile of a rail transit station. <br /> Carsharing Whether a carsharng service is Reduce residential requirements 5-10%if a carsharing <br /> located nearby. service is located nearby,or reduce 4-8 parking spaces for <br /> each carshare vehicle in a residential building. <br /> Walkability Walking environment quality. Reduce requirements 5-15%in walkable communities,and <br /> more if walkability allow more shared and off-site parking. <br /> Demographics 'Age and physical ability of Reduce requirements 20-40%for housing for young(under <br /> residents or commuters. 30)elderly over 65 or disabled people. <br /> Income Average income of residents or Reduce requirements 10-20%for the 20%lowest income <br /> commuters. households,and 20-30%for the lowest 10%. <br /> Housing Whether housing are owned or Reduce requirements 20-40%for rental versus owner <br /> Tenure rented. occupied housing. <br /> Pricing Parking that is priced,unbundled Reduce requirements 10-30%for cost-recovery pricing(i.e. <br /> or cashed out. parking priced to pay the full cost of parking facilities). <br /> Unbundling Parking sold or rented separately Unbundling parking typically reduces vehicle ownership and <br /> Parking from building space. parking demand 10-20%. <br /> Parking& Parking and mobility Reduce requirements 10-40%at worksites with effective <br /> Mobility management programs are parking and mobility management programs. <br /> Management implemented at a site. <br /> Design Hour Number of allowable annual Reduce requirements 10-20%if a 10'h annual design hour is <br /> hours a parking facili may fill. replaced by a 30'h annual peak hour.Requires overflow plan. <br /> Contingency- Use lower-bound requirements, Reduce requirements 10-30%,and more if a comprehensive <br /> Based and implement additional parking management program is implemented. <br /> Planning strategies if needed. <br /> This table summarizes various factors that affect parking demand and optimal parking supply. <br /> 14 <br />