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Parking Management.Strategies, Evaluation and Planning <br /> Victoria Transport Policy Institute <br /> Parking Facility Costs <br /> A major benefit of parking management is its ability to reduce facility costs(Parking <br /> Costs,"Litman,2003). Parking facility costs are usually borne indirectly through rents, <br /> taxes and as a component of retail goods, so most people have little idea of parking <br /> facility costs and the potential savings from more efficient management. <br /> A typical parking space is 8-10 feet(2.4-3.0 meters)wide and 18-20 feet(5.5-6.0 meter) <br /> deep,totaling 144-200 square feet(13-19 sq.meters). Off-street parking requires <br /> driveways and access lanes, and so typically requires 300-400 square feet(28-37 square <br /> meters)per space,allowing 100-150 spaces per acre(250-370 per hectare). <br /> Figure 2 Typical Parking Facility Land Use ("Parking Evaluation,"VTPI, 2005) <br /> 600 _ <br /> d ■Landscaping <br /> Driveway <br /> CL 500- ■Access Lane <br /> W ■Parking <br /> C" <br /> E 400 <br /> CLs u_ <br /> L s 300 <br /> a cn <br /> 200 <br /> Q <br /> c 100 <br /> J <br /> 0 <br /> On-Street Compact,Urban, Full-size,Urban, Full-size, <br /> Off-street Off-street suburban,off- <br /> street <br /> Land requirements per parking space vary depending on type and size. Off-street spaces require <br /> driveways and access lanes.Landscaping typically adds 10-I5%to parking lot area. <br /> The direct, annualized costs of providing parking(not including indirect costs such as <br /> stormwater management, environmental impacts, aesthetic degradation, etc.). This varies <br /> from about$250 per space if otherwise unused land is available, and construction and <br /> operating costs are minimal,to more than $2,250 for structured parking with attendants. <br /> On-street parking spaces require less land per space than off-street parking,since they do <br /> not require access lanes,but their opportunity costs can be high if they use road space <br /> needed for traffic lanes or sidewalks. The Parking Cost, Pricing and Revenue Calculator <br /> (www.vt-oi.org/parking.xls)can be used to calculate these costs for a particular situation. <br /> In addition to these direct costs,generous parking supply imposes indirect costs, <br /> including increased sprawl, impervious surface and associated stormwater management <br /> costs,reduced design flexibility,reduced efficiency of alternative modes(walking, <br /> ridesharing and public transit use), and increased traffic problems. Put more positively, <br /> parking management can help solve a variety of economic, social and environmental <br /> problems, increase economic productivity, and make consumers better off overall. <br /> 11 <br />