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Parking Management.,Strategies, Evaluation and Planning <br /> Victoria Transport Policy Institute <br /> The old paradigm results in predict and provide planning,in which past trends are <br /> extrapolated to predict future demand,which planners then try to satisfy. This often <br /> creates a self-fulfilling prophecy, since abundant parking supply increases vehicle use <br /> and urban sprawl, causing parking demand and parking supply to ratchet further upward, <br /> as illustrated in Figure 1. <br /> Figure 9 Cycle of Automobile Dependency <br /> Increased Vehicle <br /> Ownership <br /> Automobile- <br /> oriented i <br /> Transport <br /> Dispersed Planning <br /> Development <br /> Patterns <br /> Cycle of Reduced <br /> Automobile Travel <br /> Generous Options <br /> Parking Dependency <br /> Supply <br /> Alternative <br /> Modes <br /> Stigmatized <br /> Automobile- <br /> Oriented <br /> Land Use Subu€burbanization <br /> Planning and Degraded Cfts <br /> Generous parking supply is part of a cycle that leads to increased automobile dependency. <br /> Parking management can help break this cycle. <br /> It is important to define parking problems carefully. For example,if people complain <br /> about a parking problem, it is important to determine exactly what type of problem, and <br /> where,when and to whom it occurs. Increasing supply helps reduce parking congestion <br /> and spillover problems but increases most other problems. Management solutions tend to <br /> reduce most problems,providing a greater range of benefits and so are supported by more <br /> comprehensive planning. <br /> 8 <br />